William bnnis



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metal, for the purpose oi taking WIL IAM ENNIS, OFiP HILADELPH'IA',PENNSYLVANIA. 7

Lam-8 Patent No. 97,897, dated December 14, 1869.

Imnovniannr m TH MANUFACTURE or mon AND swear... o

, "The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part ofthe same To all whom it may conce rau I Be it known thatI, WILLIAMENNIs, of the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia, and

State of Pennsylvania, have discovered anew and useful Improvement inthe Manufacture of Iron and Steel, of which the fifllowingisalclear andexact description.

My invention consists in forcinghydro'gen, separate and free as possiblefrom oxygen, through molten up, in its passage through the molten metal,the carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic, 850., therein contained,forming carburett-ed' hydrogen, sulphuret'tedn hydrogen, phosphorettedhydrogen, 850., which, as they issue from the mass of molten metal, arecombined with a current or currents of atmospheric air, or oxygen,introduced over-the molten metal, within a chamber of reflectingcharacter, for the purpose of producing the combustion of thecarburetted hydrogen, sulphuretted hydrogen, pliosphoretted hydrogen,8m, and retaining themass iifits proper fluid state.

' This method of treating. the molten metal, though .(lesiguedtorefi'ect a similar general purpose of converting the molten mass intorefined iron, radically differs from what is known as theBessemerprocess of forcing oxygen, or oxygen andhydrogen, alternately orcombined, through the molten mass, which not only takes up carbon, but,owing to the aifinity of oxygen for iron, destroys or injuriouslyaffects it. i

, This is i not the case when hydrogen alone is forced from below, in adifi'used manner, through the molten metal, whilet-he carburettedhydrogen, sulphu- I'etted hydrogen, and phospho'retted hydrogen formedthereby, are ignited as they emerge above the surface of the'mass, wherethe combustion is kept up by the introduction of a stream or streams ofatmospheric air, or oxygen, over and above, in contradistinctiou to upand through the molten metal, which combustion, taking place within achamber or arch of reflecting character, produces the requisiteintensity of heat over the mass, in addition to which the passage ofhydrogen through molten metal, portions of which hydrogen combine withthe metal, giving it a character'which it did not before possess.

What I claim asmy invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-- In the manufacture of iron and steel, subjecting the mass of moltenmetal to the action of hydrogen-gas alone, forced up through the mass,in combination with a current or currents of atmospheric air, orvoxygen, introduced over the molten metal within a chain? her ofreflecting character, producing combustion of the carburetted hydrogen,sulphuretted hydrogen,

phosphdretted hydrogen, &c., above the metal, substantially as-aud forthe purpose specified.

WILLIAM ENNIS.

Witnesses: v

. WM. P. SHATTUCK,

O. 0; Salmon.

